Changes in Breath Trihalomethane Levels Resulting from Household Water-Use Activities

Changes in Breath Trihalomethane Levels Resulting from Household Water-Use Activities

Common household water-use activities such as showering, bathing, drinking, and washing clothes or dishes are potentially important contributors to individual exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs), the major class of disinfection by-products of water treated with chlorine. Previous studies have focused on showering or bathing activities. In this study, we selected 12 common water-use activities an...

Trihalomethane Removal from Water Using Membrane Processes

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed due to chlorination of water containing organic compounds. They have mutagenous and carcinogenic properties. The main representative of this effluent group is chloroform. The objectives of this paper are to determine the removal effectiveness of chloroform from natural water with the application of reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and ultrafiltration as well as ...

Trihalomethane Levels and Their Seasonal Variation in Drinking Water Produced from Thermal Desalination in Kuwait

Drinking water is obtained in Kuwait by blending desalinated seawater with 5–10% brackish water. Chemical analysis of trihalomethanes (THMs) was performed on 624 water samples collected from private residences and government buildings from December 2003 to May 2005. The highest value recorded (91.01 g/L), exceeds the maximum contaminant level (MCL) set by the U.S. EPA. Significant variations in...

Influence of Tap Water Quality and Household Water Use Activities on Indoor Air and Internal Dose Levels of Trihalomethanes

Individual exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in tap water can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Studies indicate that activities associated with inhaled or dermal exposure routes result in a greater increase in blood THM concentration than does ingestion. We measured blood and exhaled air concentrations of THM as biomarkers of exposure to participants conducting 14 commo...

Trihalomethane Removal and Formation Mechanism in Water